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1.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 85(1): 83-91, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984057

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Nasal obstruction is a common symptom in childhood, related to rhinitis and pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy. In the presence of nasal obstruction, nasal patency may be reduced, and nasal breathing is replaced by mouth breathing. Orofacial and otorhinolaryngologic changes are related to this breathing mode. Objective evaluation of upper airways may be obtained through nasal patency measurement. Objective: To compare nasal patency and otorhinolaryngologic-orofacial features in children. Methods: One hundred and twenty three children, 6-12 year-old, and of both sexes underwent speech therapy evaluation, according to Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation protocol, clinical and endoscopic otorhinolaryngologic examination and nasal patency measurement, using the absolute and predicted (%) peak nasal inspiratory flow values. Results: Lower values of absolute and estimated peak nasal inspiratory flow values were found in children with restless sleep (p = 0.006 and p = 0.002), nasal obstruction report (p = 0.027 and p = 0.023), runny nose (p = 0.004 and p = 0.012), unsystematic lip closure during mastication (p = 0.040 and p = 0.026), masticatory speed reduced (p = 0.006 and p = 0.008) and altered solid food swallowing (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001). Absolute peak nasal inspiratory flow was lower in children with pale inferior turbinate (p = 0.040), reduced hard palate width (p = 0.037) and altered speech (p = 0.004). Higher absolute values were found in children with increased tongue width (p = 0.027) and, higher absolute and predicted (%) in children with mild everted lip (p = 0.008 and p = 0.000). Conclusions: Nasal patency was lower in children with restless sleep, rhinitis signs and symptoms, hard palate width reduced and with changes in mastication, deglutition and speech functions. It is also emphasized that most of the children presented signs and symptom of allergic rhinitis.


Resumo Introdução: A obstrução nasal é um sintoma comum na infância relacionado a rinite e hipertrofia das tonsilas faríngeas. Na presença de obstrução nasal, a patência nasal pode estar reduzida e a respiração nasal ser substituída por respiração oral. Alterações orofaciais e otorrinolaringológicas estão relacionadas a esse modo de respiração. A avaliação objetiva das vias aéreas superiores pode ser obtida através da medida da patência nasal. Objetivo: Comparar a patência nasal e características otorrinolaringológicas e orofaciais em crianças. Método: Foram submetidas 123 crianças de seis a 12 anos, de ambos os sexos, a avaliação fonoaudiológica, de acordo com o protocolo de avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial, exame clínico e endoscópico otorrinolaringológico e medição da patência nasal, com o uso do pico de fluxo inspiratório nasal em valores absolutos e valores estimados (% pico de fluxo inspiratório nasal). Resultados: Valores mais baixos de pico de fluxo inspiratório nasal e % pico de fluxo inspiratório nasal foram encontrados em crianças com sono agitado (p = 0,006 e p = 0,002), relato de obstrução nasal (p = 0,027 e p = 0,023), rinorreia (p = 0,004 e p = 0,012), fechamento não sistemático dos lábios durante a mastigação (p = 0,040 e p = 0,026), velocidade mastigatória reduzida (p = 0,006 e p = 0,008) e alteração da ingestão de alimentos sólidos (p = 0,006 e p = 0,001). O pico de fluxo inspiratório nasal foi menor em crianças com conchas inferiores pálidas (p = 0,040), redução da largura do palato duro (p = 0,037) e alterações da fala (p = 0,004). Valores maiores foram encontrados em crianças com largura da língua aumentada (p = 0,027). Valores maiores de pico de fluxo inspiratório nasal e % de pico de fluxo inspiratório nasal foram observados em crianças com lábio levemente evertido (p = 0,008 e p = 0,000). Conclusões: A patência nasal foi menor em crianças com sono agitado, sinais e sintomas de rinite, redução da largura do palato duro e alterações nas funções de mastigação, deglutição e fala. Enfatiza-se também que a maioria das crianças apresentava sinais e sintomas de rinite alérgica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Respiration , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Nasal Cavity/physiology , Reference Values , Respiratory Function Tests , Stomatognathic Diseases/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Mouth Breathing/physiopathology
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(3): 1149-1153, Sept. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-954244

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la capacidad inspiratoria (CI) en un grupo de universitarios chilenos sedentarios agrupados por el genotipo (polimorfismo rs4646994) del gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA). Se seleccionaron a través de muestreo no probabilístico 83 individuos (de 18 a 35 años), 37 mujeres y 46 hombres. Se midió la CI a través de pletismografía corporal, se extrajo ADN a partir de sangre con EDTA y se realizó la reacción en cadena polimerasa (PCR) para el polimorfismo Ins/Del de la ECA. Se determinó normalidad de los datos, utilizándose t de Student o ANOVA para las variables paramétricas, y en las no paramétricas U de Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis, considerándose significativo un valor de p < 0,05. La distribución de los genotipos se encontró en equilibrio de Hardy Weinberg (X2= 1,872, p= 0,171 para los hombres y X2= 3,424, p= 0,064 para las mujeres), la CI, en ambos sexos, no mostró diferencias significativas al ser comparada por genotipo. Los hombres portadores del genotipo Ins/Ins presentaron mayores niveles de CI en relación al grupo del gentipo Del/Del-Ins/Del. Las mujeres con la dominancia alélica Ins presentaron una mayor CI que las pertenecientes al grupo Del/Del. Existió una mayor CI en participantes de sexo femenino con dominancia alélica Ins y masculino homocigotos Ins, del gen de la ECA.


The aim of the present research is to determine the inspiratory capacity (IC) in a group of sedentary Chilean university students grouped by the genotype (polymorphism rs4646994) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. Eighty three individuals (18 to 35 years old), 37 women and 46 men were selected through non-probabilistic sampling. The IC was measured through body plethysmograph, DNA was extracted from blood with EDTA and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the Ins / Del polymorphism of the ECA. Normality of the data was determined, using Student's t-test or ANOVA for the parametric variables, and in the non-parametric U-tests of Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis, a value of p <0.05 being considered significant. The distribution of genotypes was found in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (X2 = 1.872, p = 0.171 for men and X2 = 3.424, p = 0.064 for women), the IC, in both sexes, showed no significant differences when compared by genotype. The men carrying the Ins / Ins genotype had higher IC levels in relation to the gentile group Del / Del - Ins / Del. Women with allelic dominance Ins had a higher IC than those belonging to the Del / Del group. There was a greater IC in female participants with allelic dominance Ins and masculine homozygous Ins, of the ACE gene.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Polymorphism, Genetic , Inspiratory Capacity/genetics , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Sedentary Behavior , Plethysmography , Students , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Analysis of Variance , Genotype
3.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(4): 279-284, July-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975931

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate lung function and inspiratory muscle strength, correlating them with exercise tolerance, in obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: The sample comprised 31 adult subjects with moderate-to-severe OSAS diagnosed by polysomnography. We used spirometry to measure FVC, FEV1, and FVC/FEV1 ratio, using pressure manometry to measure MIP and MEP. The incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and the six-minute walk test (6MWT) were used in order to determine functional exercise capacity. Results: In this sample, the mean values for FVC (% of predicted), FEV1 (% of predicted): MIP, and MEP were 76.4 ± 12.3%, 80.1 ± 6.3%, 60.0 ± 21.9 cmH2O, and 81.3 ± 22.2 cmH2O, respectively. The mean distances covered on the ISWT and 6MWT were 221 ± 97 m and 480.8 ± 67.3 m, respectively. The ISWT distance showed moderate positive correlations with FVC (r = 0.658; p = 0.001) and FEV1 (r = 0.522; p = 0.003). Conclusions: In this sample of obese subjects with untreated OSAS, lung function, inspiratory muscle strength, and exercise tolerance were all below normal. In addition, we found that a decline in lung function, but not in respiratory muscle strength, was associated with exercise tolerance in these patients.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar a função pulmonar e a força muscular inspiratória com a tolerância ao esforço em indivíduos obesos com síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS). Métodos: Foram recrutados 31 adultos com diagnóstico de SAOS de moderada a grave através do exame de polissonografia. Os participantes foram submetidos à espirometria para a medida de CVF, VEF1 e relação CVF/VEF1, assim como à manovacuometria para a medida de PImáx e PEmáx. Para a determinação da capacidade funcional de exercício foram realizados o teste shuttle (TS) e o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). Resultados: Na amostra, as médias de CVF (% do previsto), VEF1 (% do previsto), PImáx e PEmáx foram de 76,4 ± 12,3%, 80,1 ± 6,3%, 60,0 ± 21,9 cmH2O e 81,3 ± 22,2 cmH2O, respectivamente. As médias das distâncias percorridas no TS e no TC6 foram de 221 ± 97 m e 480,8 ± 67,3 m, respectivamente. Houve correlações moderadas positivas entre a distância percorrida no TS e CVF (r = 0,658; p = 0,001) e entre a distância no TS e VEF1 (r = 0,522; p = 0,003). Conclusões: Nesta amostra de indivíduos obesos com SAOS não tratada, houve reduções na função pulmonar, força muscular inspiratória e capacidade física. Além disso, observou-se que o declínio da função pulmonar, mas não da força muscular respiratória, estava associado à tolerância ao esforço físico nestes pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Spirometry , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise Tolerance , Muscle Stretching Exercises
4.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(2): 144-152, abr.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-959313

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar uma nova abordagem fisiológica para a determinação do volume corrente em ventilação mecânica, de acordo com a capacidade inspiratória, e determinar se isso resulta em medidas mecânicas e de troca gasosa adequadas em cães saudáveis e em estado crítico. Métodos: Incluíram-se, neste estudo, 24 animais para avaliar o volume corrente expresso como porcentagem da capacidade inspiratória. Para mensuração da capacidade inspiratória, o ventilador mecânico foi regulado como segue: modo controle de pressão, com 35cmH2O de pressão de inspiração e pressão expiratória final de zero, por 5 segundos. Subsequentemente, estudaram-se dez cães em condições clínicas críticas. Resultados: Cães saudáveis ventilados com volume corrente que correspondia a 17% da capacidade inspiratória demonstraram mecânica respiratória normal e apresentaram os valores previstos de PaCO2 mais frequentemente do que os animais nos demais grupos. A pressão no sistema respiratório e a pressão transpulmonar foram significantemente mais elevadas nos cães em condição crítica, porém em todos os casos, estiveram abaixo de 15cmH2O. Conclusões: O volume corrente calculado com base na capacidade inspiratória de cada animal comprovou ser uma ferramenta útil e simples para o estabelecimento dos parâmetros do ventilador. Convém também realizar abordagem semelhante em outras espécies, inclusive no ser humano, quando se consideram as potenciais limitações da titulação do volume corrente, com base no peso corpóreo ideal calculado.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a novel physiological approach for setting the tidal volume in mechanical ventilation according to inspiratory capacity, and to determine if it results in an appropriate mechanical and gas exchange measurements in healthy and critically ill dogs. Methods: Twenty healthy animals were included in the study to assess the tidal volume expressed as a percentage of inspiratory capacity. For inspiratory capacity measurement, the mechanical ventilator was set as follows: pressure control mode with 35cmH2O of inspired pressure and zero end-expiratory pressure for 5 seconds. Subsequently, the animals were randomized into four groups and ventilated with a tidal volume corresponding to the different percentages of inspiratory capacity. Subsequently, ten critically ill dogs were studied. Results: Healthy dogs ventilated with a tidal volume of 17% of the inspiratory capacity showed normal respiratory mechanics and presented expected PaCO2 values more frequently than the other groups. The respiratory system and transpulmonary driving pressure were significantly higher among the critically ill dogs but below 15 cmH2O in all cases. Conclusions: The tidal volume based on the inspiratory capacity of each animal has proven to be a useful and simple tool when setting ventilator parameters. A similar approach should also be evaluated in other species, including human beings, if we consider the potential limitations of tidal volume titration based on the calculated ideal body weight.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology , Tidal Volume/physiology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Respiration, Artificial/veterinary , Body Weight , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Random Allocation , Critical Illness
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(1): 333-337, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893231

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El objetivo del siguiente estudio fue determinar si las mediciones de tórax provocan modificaciones en las ecuaciones predictivas de capacidad inspiratoria (CI) y flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM). Se evaluaron 24 sujetos de sexo masculino entre 18 y 26 años, todos estudiantes sedentarios de la Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile. Se les realizó antropometría corporal básica (peso y talla corporal) y específica de tórax, diámetro antero-posterior (DAT) y transverso (DTT) de tórax y perímetro mesoesternal (PME). Posterior a esto, se evaluó la función ventilatoria a través de pletismografía corporal. Para estimar las ecuaciones de regresión lineal se utilizó el método de mínimos cuadrados relacionando la CI y FEM. La comparación entre el valor predicho establecido y nuestra propuesta fue comparado utilizando la prueba t de student o U de Mann-Whitney según correspondiera, considerándose un nivel de significancia estadística de p<0,05. Los resultados indican que para la propuesta de la ecuación de FEM se consideró el DTT y PME, logrando diferencias significativas con los valores de Knudson et al. Por tanto, se concluye que las mediciones de DTT a VR y PME a CPT influyeron en la ecuación predictiva de FEM en estudiantes sedentarios.


SUMMARY: The aim of the following study was to determine if chest measurements cause changes in the predictive equations of inspiratory capacity (IC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Twenty- four male subjects between 18 and 26 years old, all sedentary students of the Universidad Catolica del Maule, Chile, were evaluated. They were subjected to basic body anthropometry (weight and body size) and chest specificity, anteroposterior diameter (APD) and transverse (TTD) of the thorax and mesosternal perimeter (MSP). After this, the ventilatory function was evaluated through body plethysmography. To estimate the linear regression equations, the least squares method were used, relating IC and PEF. The comparison between the established predicted value and our proposal was compared using the student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate, considering a level of statistical significance of p <0.05. The results indicate that the TTD and MSP were considered for the proposal of the PEF equation, achieving significant differences with the values o f Knudson et al. Therefore, it is concluded that measurements of TTD to RV and MSP to TPC influenced the predictive equation of PEF in sedentary students.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology , Thorax/anatomy & histology , Anthropometry , Body Weight , Linear Models , Predictive Value of Tests , Respiratory Function Tests , Sedentary Behavior
6.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 31(5): 389-395, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829756

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a cycle ergometer exercise program on exercise capacity and inspiratory muscle function in hospitalized patients with heart failure awaiting heart transplantation with intravenous inotropic support. Methods: Patients awaiting heart transplantation were randomized and allocated prospectively into two groups: 1) Control Group (n=11) - conventional protocol; and 2) Intervention Group (n=7) - stationary cycle ergometer exercise training. Functional capacity was measured by the six-minute walk test and inspiratory muscle strength assessed by manovacuometry before and after the exercise protocols. Results: Both groups demonstrated an increase in six-minute walk test distance after the experimental procedure compared to baseline; however, only the intervention group had a significant increase (P =0.08 and P =0.001 for the control and intervention groups, respectively). Intergroup comparison revealed a greater increase in the intervention group compared to the control (P <0.001). Regarding the inspiratory muscle strength evaluation, the intragroup analysis demonstrated increased strength after the protocols compared to baseline for both groups; statistical significance was only demonstrated for the intervention group, though (P =0.22 and P <0.01, respectively). Intergroup comparison showed a significant increase in the intervention group compared to the control (P <0.01). Conclusion: Stationary cycle ergometer exercise training shows positive results on exercise capacity and inspiratory muscle strength in patients with heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation while on intravenous inotropic support.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Heart Transplantation , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Exercise Therapy/methods , Muscle Strength/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Ergometry
7.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 20(5): 441-450, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828286

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background Airflow limitation frequently leads to the interruption of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). These patients commonly show absence of ventilatory reserve, reduced inspiratory reserve volume, and dynamic hyperinflation (DH). Objective To investigate ventilatory response and DH induced by three ADL-based protocols in COPD patients and compare them to healthy subjects. Method Cross-sectional study. COPD group: 23 patients (65±6 years, FEV1 37.2±15.4%pred); control group: 14 healthy subjects (64±4 years) matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Both groups performed all three tests: Glittre-ADL test; an activity test that involved moving objects on a shelf (TSHELF); and a modified shelf protocol isolating activity with upper limbs (TSHELF-M). Ventilatory response and inspiratory capacity were evaluated. Results Baseline ventilatory variables were similar between groups (p>0.05). The ventilatory demand increased and the inspiratory capacity decreased significantly at the end of the tests in the COPD group. Ventilatory demand and DH were higher (p<0.05) in the TSHELF than in the TSHELF–M in the COPD group (p<0.05). There were no differences in DH between the three tests in the control group (p>0.05) and ventilatory demand increased at the end of the tests (p<0.05) but to a lower extent than the COPD group. Conclusion The TSHELF induces similar ventilatory responses to the Glittre-ADL test in COPD patients with higher ventilatory demand and DH. In contrast, the ventilatory response was attenuated in the TSHELF-M, suggesting that squatting and bending down during the Glittre-ADL test could trigger significant ventilatory overload.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Exercise Test/standards , Respiration , Activities of Daily Living , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 96-103, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-778386

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of diaphragmatic activation control (diaphC) on Sniff Nasal-Inspiratory Pressure (SNIP) and Maximum Relaxation Rate of inspiratory muscles (MRR) in healthy subjects. METHOD: Twenty subjects (9 male; age: 23 (SD=2.9) years; BMI: 23.8 (SD=3) kg/m2; FEV1/FVC: 0.9 (SD=0.1)] performed 5 sniff maneuvers in two different moments: with or without instruction on diaphC. Before the first maneuver, a brief explanation was given to the subjects on how to perform the sniff test. For sniff test with diaphC, subjects were instructed to perform intense diaphragm activation. The best SNIP and MRR values were used for analysis. MRR was calculated as the ratio of first derivative of pressure over time (dP/dtmax) and were normalized by dividing it by peak pressure (SNIP) from the same maneuver. RESULTS: SNIP values were significantly different in maneuvers with and without diaphC [without diaphC: -100 (SD=27.1) cmH2O/ with diaphC: -72.8 (SD=22.3) cmH2O; p<0.0001], normalized MRR values were not statistically different [without diaphC: -9.7 (SD=2.6); with diaphC: -8.9 (SD=1.5); p=0.19]. Without diaphC, 40% of the sample did not reach the appropriate sniff criteria found in the literature. CONCLUSION: Diaphragmatic control performed during SNIP test influences obtained inspiratory pressure, being lower when diaphC is performed. However, there was no influence on normalized MRR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Diaphragm/physiology , Inhalation/physiology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Pressure , Nose/physiology
9.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 29(2): 221-228, Apr-Jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719414

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The frequency of surgical procedures has increased steadily in recent decades, including the myocardial revascularization. Objectives: To demonstrate the importance of physiotherapy in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery in relation to the reduction of hospital stay, changes in lung volumes and respiratory muscle strength. Methods: We conducted a prospective study with patients undergoing myocardial revascularization, the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)/Botucatu - SP. We evaluated 70 patients of both genders, aged between 40 and 75 years, subdivided into two groups: group I - 35 patients of both genders, who received a written protocol guidance, breathing exercises and respiratory muscle training in the preoperative period and group II - 35 patients of both genders, who received only orientation of the ward on the day of surgery. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UNESP / Botucatu - SP. Results: Maximal inspiratory pressure in third postoperative day and fifth postoperative day and significant difference between groups, being better for the intervention group. Expiratory pressure was significant in fifth postoperative day in the intervention group compared to controls. The difference of length of hospital stay in the postoperative was found between the groups with shorter hospital stay in the group receiving preoperative therapy. Conclusion: Physical therapy plays an important role in the preoperative period, so that individuals in the intervention group more readily restored the parameters evaluated before surgery, in addition, there was a decrease in the time of the postoperative hospital stay. Thus, it is thought the cost-effectiveness of a program of preoperative physiotherapy. .


Introdução: Procedimentos cirúrgicos aumentaram progressivamente nas últimas décadas, inclusive a revascularização do miocárdio(RM). Objetivos: Demonstrar a importância da fisioterapia no préoperatório de cirurgia cardíaca, em relação à redução do tempo de internação hospitalar, alteração de volumes pulmonares e força muscular respiratória. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo clínico prospectivo, com pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio, no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual PaulistaUNESP / Botucatu - SP. Foram avaliados 70 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, com faixa etária entre 40 a 75 anos, randomizados por meio programa computadorizado em dois grupos: Grupo I - 35 pacientes de ambos os sexos, que receberam um protocolo de orientação por escrito, exercícios respiratórios e treinamento muscular respiratório no pré-operatório e Grupo II - 35 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, que receberam apenas orientação de rotina da enfermaria no dia da cirurgia. Trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Estadual PaulistaUNESP / Botucatu - SP. Resultados: A avaliação das pressões inspiratórias máximas evidenciou aumento significativo no terceiro dia pós-operatório e quinto dia pós-operatório para o grupo de intervenção e análise das pressões expiratórias máximas apresentou valores significativos apenas no quinto dia pós-operatório para o grupo intervenção em relação ao grupo controle, observando-se ainda que o grupo submetido ao protocolo de tratamento fisioterapêutico pré-operatório apresentou menor tempo de internação hospitalar. Conclusão: A fisioterapia ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Breathing Exercises/methods , Length of Stay , Myocardial Revascularization/methods , Preoperative Care/methods , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Muscle Strength , Muscle Stretching Exercises/methods , Myocardial Revascularization/rehabilitation , Preoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Respiratory Rate/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tidal Volume/physiology
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(3): 142-145, mar. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-668767

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed at evaluating respiratory parameters in multiple sclerosis (MS). The sample comprised 30 patients with MS diagnosis and 30 healthy subjects, matched by gender and age. Neurological assessment, expanded disability status scale (EDSS), manovacuometry, and peak flow (PEF) were performed. Patients with MS had lower values of maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures and PEF compared to healthy controls. It was shown that respiratory impairment may be present in MS patients with low functional disability by EDSS. The data suggest that manovacuometry and PEF determination should be carried out systematically in patients with MS, and may be a reliable tool for the early detection of respiratory impairment allowing early respiratory rehabilitation.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a função respiratória em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM). A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de EM e 30 sujeitos saudáveis, pareados de acordo com o gênero e a idade. Foram realizados avaliação neurológica, determinação da escala expandida do estado de incapacidade (EDSS), manovacuometria e “peak flow”. Pacientes com EM apresentaram pressões inspiratória (PI) e expiratória (PE) máximas inferiores e menor PFE quando comparados aos controles saudáveis. Identificou-se que o comprometimento respiratório pode ocorrer em pacientes com EM, mesmo com baixo grau de comprometimento funcional estimado pelo EDSS. Os dados do presente estudo sugerem que a avaliação respiratória com manovacuometria e PFE deve ser realizada sistematicamente em pacientes com EM, e pode ser uma ferramenta útil para detectar precocemente comprometimento respiratório, podendo sugerir a necessidade de reabilitação pulmonar precoce em pacientes com EM.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology , Respiration , Case-Control Studies , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Multiple Sclerosis/rehabilitation , Muscle Strength/physiology , Pressure , Respiration Disorders/diagnosis , Respiration Disorders/physiopathology , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
11.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 27(4): 607-613, out.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-668123

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate and correlate inspiratory muscle strength using maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (Pnsn) in patients with coronary artery disease in pre- and postoperative of myocardial revascularization surgery. METHODS: Thirty-eight men were studied, divided into a control group (CG) comprised of healthy individuals (n=18), age 55.52 ± 7.8 years and a myocardial revascularization group (MRG), comprised of patients with coronary artery disease submitted to myocardial revascularization (n=20), age 58.44 ± 9.3 years. All volunteers were submitted to MIP and Pnsn measurement, and the MRG was evaluated in the preoperative period and on the first postoperative day (PO1). RESULTS: MRG presented MIP (80.60 ± 26.60 cmH2O) and Pnsn (74.70 ± 31.80 cmH2O) values inferior to CG (MIP: 112.22 ± 32.00 cmH2O; Pnsn: 103.70 ± 34.10 cmH2O), and there was significant reduction of these values on PO1 (MIP: 40.05 ± 15.70 cmH2O; Pnsn: 40.05 ± 16.60 cmH2O). There was correlation and concordance between evaluation methods in both groups studied, as well as in pre- and postoperative MRG conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the studied patients presented reduced MIP and Pnsn pre- and post-operative myocardial revascularization. Also, the Pnsn correlated with MIP and can be considered suitable for assessing inspiratory muscle strength in this population.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e correlacionar a força muscular inspiratória, pelas medidas da pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e pressão inspiratória nasal sniff (Pnsn), em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana no pré e pós-operatório de revascularização do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 38 homens, divididos em grupo controle (GC), composto por indivíduos saudáveis (n=18), idade 55,52 ± 7,8 anos, e grupo revascularização do miocárdio (GRM), composto por pacientes com doença arterial coronariana submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio (n=20), idade 58,44 ± 9,3 anos. Todos os voluntários foram submetidos à mensuração da PImáx e da Pnsn, sendo o GRM avaliado no pré (pré-op) e primeiro pós-operatório (PO1). RESULTADOS: O GRM apresentou valores de PImáx (80,60 ± 26,60 cmH2O) e Pnsn (74,70 ± 31,80 cmH2O) inferiores ao GC (PImáx: 112,22 ± 32,00 cmH2O; Pnsn: 103,70 ± 34,10 cmH2O), ocorrendo ainda redução significativa destes valores no PO1 (PImáx: 40,05 ± 15,70 cmH2O; Pnsn: 40,05 ± 16,60 cmH2O). Houve correlação e concordância entre os métodos de avaliação nos dois grupos estudados, assim como nas condições pré e pós-operatória do GRM. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram que os pacientes estudados apresentaram redução da PImáx e da Pnsn no pré e pós-operatório de revascularização do miocárdio, e que a Pnsn correlacionou-se com a PImáx, sendo adequada para avaliar a força muscular inspiratória nessa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Inhalation/physiology , Myocardial Revascularization , Muscle Strength/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Respiratory Function Tests
12.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 70(11): 847-851, Nov. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-655921

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) during the on and off periods of levodopa and to compare with healthy controls. METHODS: Twenty-six patients were analyzed with Hoehn and Yahr scores (2-3) and 26 age and gender matched-controls. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test for paired and independent samples. RESULTS: MIP and MEP values in patients were significantly lower than the values obtained in controls both for off and on stages -excepted for MIP in women (p=0.28). For patients with PD, the studied parameters did not differ between stages on and off, with the exception of MEP in women (p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PD have respiratory pressure lower than controls, even in early stages of the disease, and dopamine replacement has little impact over these respiratory pressures. These findings suggest that respiratory changes in PD may be unrelated to dopaminergic dysfunction.


OBJETIVO: Investigar as pressões inspiratórias máximas (PImáx) e as pressões expiratórias máximas (PEmáx) em pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) durante períodos on e off e comparar com controles MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 26 pacientes com scores de Hoehn e Yahr (2-3) e 26 indivíduos saudáveis pareados sexo e idade. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste t de Student para amostras pareadas e para amostras independentes. RESULTADOS: Os valores de PImáx e PEmáx nos pacientes foram significativamente menores que os valores observados nos controles, tanto no período off como no período on -exceto PImáx nas mulheres (p=0,28). Nos pacientes com DP, os parâmetros estudados não diferiram entre os estágios off e on (exceto PEmáx nas mulheres-p=0,00). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com DP têm pressões respiratórias inferiores a controles mesmo em estágios iniciais da doença, e a reposição de dopamina tem pouco impacto sobre pressões respiratórias. Esses achados sugerem que as alterações respiratórias na DP podem não estar relacionadas às disfunções dopaminérgicas.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Dopamine/physiology , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Age Factors , Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage , Case-Control Studies , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Levodopa/administration & dosage , Muscle Strength/physiology , Pressure , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Sex Factors , Total Lung Capacity/physiology
13.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 27(2): 240-250, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649600

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Cardiac surgery (CC) determines systemic and pulmonary changes that require special care. Awareness of the importance of respiratory muscle dysfunction in the development of respiratory failure motivated several studies conducted in healthy subjects to assess muscle strength. These studies were carried out by evaluating the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) values. This study examined the concordance among the values predicted by the equations proposed by Black & Hyatt and Neder, and the measured values in cardiac surgery (CS) patients. METHODS: Data were collected from preoperative evaluation forms. The Lin coefficient and Bland-Altman plots were used for statistical concordance analysis. The multiple linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to produce new formulas. RESULTS: There were weak correlations of 0.22 and 0.19 in the MIP analysis and of 0.10 and 0.32 in the MEP analysis, for the formulas of Black & Hyatt and Neder, respectively. The ANOVA for both MIP and MEP were significant (P <0.0001), and the following formulas were developed: MIP = 88.82 - (0.51 x age) + (19.86 x gender), and MEP = 91.36 - (0.30 x age) + (29.92 x gender). CONCLUSIONS: The Black and Hyatt and Neder formulas predict highly discrepant values of MIP and MEP and should not be used to identify muscle weakness in CS patients.


OBJETIVOS: A cirurgia cardíaca (CC) determina alterações que demandam cuidados específicos no pós-operatório, incluindo as alterações pulmonares. A consciência da importância da disfunção da musculatura respiratória na insuficiência respiratória motivou o desenvolvimento de diversos estudos da força muscular em indivíduos saudáveis. Esses trabalhos utilizam valores de pressão inspiratória máxima (PIMÁX) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEMÁX). O presente estudo avaliou a concordância existente entre os valores preditos pelas equações propostas por Black & Hyatt e Neder et al., com valores observados em pacientes submetidos à CC. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram coletados das fichas de avaliação pré-operatória. Para a análise estatística verificou-se a concordância existente entre os valores preditos e observados pelas as equações de Black & Hyatt e Neder et al., sendo utilizado o coeficiente de concordância de Lin e o gráfico de Bland-Altman. Posteriormente, os dados foram submetidos à regressão linear múltipla e análise de variância, para proposição de novas fórmulas. RESULTADOS: Para PIMÁX, observou-se fraca concordância de 0,22 e 0,19 e para PEMÁX, 0,10 e 0,32, respectivamente, para as fórmulas de Black & Hyatt e Neder et al. Os valores da ANOVA para PIMÁX e PEMÁX, foram significativas (P<0,0001), permitindo propor as seguintes fórmulas: PIMÁX = 88,82 - (0,51 x Idade) + (19,86 x Sexo), e para PEMÁX = 91,36 - (0,30 x Idade) + (29,92 x Sexo). CONCLUSÃO: As fórmulas de Black e Hyatt e Neder et al. predizem valores de PIMÁX e PEMÁX discrepantes, não devendo ser utilizadas para identificar fraqueza muscular em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Muscle Strength/physiology , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Age Factors , Epidemiologic Methods , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Muscle Weakness/physiopathology , Preoperative Period , Pressure , Reference Values , Sex Factors
14.
J. bras. pneumol ; 38(1): 13-23, jan.-fev. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-617024

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a presença, extensão e padrões de hiperinsuflação dinâmica (HD) durante teste em esteira rolante em pacientes com DPOC moderada a grave. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 30 pacientes não hipoxêmicos (VEF1= 43 ± 14 por cento do previsto) submetidos a teste cardiopulmonar de exercício em esteira rolante em velocidade constante (70-80 por cento da velocidade máxima) até o limite da tolerância (Tlim). Manobras seriadas de capacidade inspiratória (CI) foram utilizadas para avaliação da HD. RESULTADOS: Dos 30 pacientes estudados, 19 (63,3 por cento) apresentaram HD (grupo HD+), que apresentaram maior comprometimento funcional em repouso do que os pacientes sem HD (grupo HD-). Nenhuma das variáveis obtidas relacionou-se com a tolerância ao exercício no grupo HD-, enquanto Tlim, CI e percepção de dispneia ao esforço foram significativamente correlacionados no grupo HD+ (p < 0,05). No grupo HD+, 7 e 12 pacientes, respectivamente, apresentaram padrão progressivo e estável de HD (ΔCI Tlim,2min = -0,28 ± 0,11 L e 0,04 ± 0,10 L; p < 0,01). Pacientes com padrão progressivo de HD apresentaram maior relação percepção de dispneia/Tlim e menor tolerância ao exercício do que aqueles com padrão estável (354 ± 118 s e 465 ± 178 s, respectivamente; p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A HD não é um fenômeno universal durante a caminhada em pacientes com DPOC, mesmo que apresentem obstrução ao fluxo aéreo de graus moderado a acentuado. Nos pacientes que apresentaram HD, um padrão progressivo de HD teve maior repercussão na tolerância ao exercício do que um padrão estável de HD.


OBJECTIVE: To characterize the presence, extent, and patterns of dynamic hyperinflation (DH) during treadmill exercise testing in patients with moderate to severe COPD. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 30 non-hypoxemic patients (FEV1= 43 ± 14 percent of predicted) who were submitted to a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill at a constant speed (70-80 percent of maximum speed) to the tolerance limit (Tlim). Serial inspiratory capacity (IC) maneuvers were used in order to assess DH. RESULTS: Of the 30 patients studied, 19 (63.3 percent) presented with DH (DH+ group), having greater pulmonary function impairment at rest than did those without DH (DH- group). None of the variables studied correlated with exercise tolerance in the DH- group, whereas Tlim, IC, and perception of dyspnea during exercise did so correlate in the DH+ group (p < 0.05). In the DH+ group, 7 and 12 patients, respectively, presented with a progressive and a stable pattern of DH (ΔIC Tlim,2min = -0.28 ± 0.11 L vs. 0.04 ± 0.10 L; p < 0.01). Patients with a progressive pattern of DH presented with higher perception of dyspnea/Tlim rate and lower exercise tolerance than did those with a stable pattern (354 ± 118 s and 465 ± 178 s, respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of DH is not a universal phenomenon during walking in COPD patients, even in those with moderate to severe airflow limitation. In the patients who presented DH, a progressive pattern of DH had a greater impact on exercise tolerance than did a stable pattern of DH.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Exercise Test/methods , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Lung/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/classification , Statistics, Nonparametric
15.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 77(4): 473-480, July-Aug. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595794

ABSTRACT

Acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry and Inspiratory Peak Nasal Flow (IPNF) are used in order to objectively assess nasal patency. These are expensive not very practical tests, except for IPNF, which is a fast, simple and low cost method. OBJECTIVE: To assess IPNF in healthy individuals complaining of nose obstruction caused by allergic rhinitis. METHOD: IPNF use in 78 individuals with and without rhinitis symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Contemporary cross-sectional cohort. RESULTS: IPNF showed significant results for nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, pruritus, sneezes and tearing (p < 0. 001). There was no correlation between the presence of nasal septum deviation and IPNF (p = 0. 561). We found a positive correlation between IPNF and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction (p = 0. 002). In the multiple linear regression model, there was a statistical significance between the values found in IPNF with allergic rhinitis and age (p = 0. 005 and p = 0. 023 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: IPNF proved to be a reliable method to detect changes in nasal patency, by obstructive causes as well as inflammatory causes, with an acceptable level of statistical significance, simple, easy to handle, inexpensive and reproducible.


A rinometria acústica, rinomanometria e o peak flow nasal inspiratório (PFNI) são utilizados para a avaliação objetiva da patência nasal. Estes exames são dispendiosos e pouco práticos, exceto o PFNI, que se apresenta como um método rápido, de baixo custo e simples. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o PFNI em indivíduos saudáveis e com queixas nasais obstrutivas por rinite alérgica. MéTODO: Aplicação do PFNI em 78 sujeitos com e sem sintomas de rinite. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo de coorte contemporâneo com corte transversal. RESULTADOS: O PFNI mostrou resultados significantes para obstrução nasal, rinorreia, prurido, espirros e lacrimejamento (p < 0,001). Não houve correlação entre a presença de desvio de septo nasal e PFNI (p = 0,561). Encontrou-se uma correlação positiva entre PFNI e Escala Visual Analógica - EAV- para obstrução nasal (p = 0,002). No modelo de regressão linear múltipla, houve significância estatística entre os valores encontrados no PFNI com rinite alérgica e idade (p = 0,005 e p = 0,023 respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: O PFNI mostrou ser um método confiável para detecção das alterações da patência nasal, tanto por causas obstrutivas quanto por causas inflamatórias, com um nível de significância estatística aceitável, simples, fácil de manusear, pouco dispendioso e reprodutível.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Airway Resistance/physiology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/complications , Case-Control Studies , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nasal Obstruction/diagnosis , Nasal Obstruction/etiology
17.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 85(3): 217-222, maio-jun. 2009. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-517869

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do manuseio do ventilador pulmonar manual neonatal com bolsa autoinflável sobre pico de pressão e volume corrente. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental com 141 profissionais de saúde (médicos, médicos residentes, fisioterapeutas, enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem) que ventilaram um pulmão artificial ajustado para reproduzir o pulmão de um recém-nascido a termo, utilizando ventilador pulmonar manual autoinflável com cinco diferentes modos de manuseio: com as duas mãos (10 dedos) e com uma mão, utilizando cinco, quatro, três e dois dedos. Valores de pico de pressão e volume corrente foram registrados pelo pulmão artificial. RESULTADOS: Observou-se alta variabilidade nos valores das variáveis estudadas. A média do pico de pressão foi 39,73 cmH2O (IC95 por cento 37,32-42,13), variando de 2,5 a 106,3 cmH2O, e do volume foi 39,56 mL (IC95 por cento 36,86-42,25), variando de 4 a 88 mL. Não foi detectada influência significativa da profissão sobre as variáveis estudadas (p > 0,05). Observou-se que o modo de manuseio do ventilador pulmonar manual influenciou significativamente o pico de pressão e o volume corrente (p < 0,0001), que foram maiores quando o ventilador foi manuseado com as duas mãos. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos profissionais gerou pico de pressão e volume corrente muito elevados, principalmente quando foram empregadas as duas mãos para ventilar, aumentando o risco de barotrauma e volutrauma. Por outro lado, parte dos profissionais forneceu pressões e volumes tão baixos que seriam insuficientes para a adequada expansão pulmonar, podendo levar a hipoventilação. Tais riscos não dependeram da formação profissional.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how different ways of handling the neonatal self-inflating bag influence peak pressure and tidal volume. METHODS: This is an experimental study involving 141 different professionals (physicians, resident physicians, physiotherapists, nurses, and nursing technicians), who ventilated an artificial lung, adjusted to simulate the lung of a term neonate, using a self-inflating bag. Each professional handled the ventilator in five different ways: a) using both hands (10 fingers); and, with only one hand, b) five fingers, c) four fingers, d) three fingers, and e) two fingers. Peak pressure and tidal volume data were recorded by the artificial lung equipment. RESULTS: Both variables showed high variability, from 2.5 to 106.3 cmH2O (mean = 39.73 cmH2O; 95 percentCI 37.32-42.13) for peak pressure, and from to 4 to 88 mL (mean = 39.56 mL; 95 percentCI 36.86-42.25) for tidal volume. There was no significant influence of the profession on any of the variables (p > 0.05). However, bag handling significantly influenced both peak pressure and tidal volume (p < 0.0001), which were higher when the operator used both hands. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that most professionals delivered excessively high peak pressures and tidal volumes, which could increase the risk of barotrauma and volutrauma, especially when both hands were used to ventilate. On the other hand, a small number of professionals delivered insufficient pressure and volume for adequate lung expansion and ventilation. The delivery of inadequate ventilation was not dependent on profession.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Artificial Organs , Lung/physiology , Pressure , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Hand , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation , Statistics, Nonparametric , Term Birth , Tidal Volume/physiology , Ventilators, Mechanical
18.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 69(3): 311-317, jun. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633642

ABSTRACT

La ventilación pulmonar en humanos tiene una variabilidad respiración a respiración no lineal, compleja y caótica. El objetivo del trabajo fue: caracterizar la variabilidad del patrón respiratorio en perros (n: 8) anestesiados respirando bajo carga elástica umbral (CEU) inspiratoria (7 a 50 cm H2O). Con el flujo, presión traqueal y esofágica, se analizaron: tiempo inspiratorio (Ti), ritmo [tiempo espiratorio (Te); tiempo total (Ttot), y Ti/Ttot] e impulso central (Vt/Ti), variables relacionadas [volumen corriente (Vt) y ventilación pulmonar (Ve)]. Se determinaron: variabilidad grosera (varianzas), oscilaciones de baja frecuencia (análisis espectral) y memoria a corto plazo (análisis de autocorrelación). La CEU produjo disminución de la varianza de medias en Te, Ttot, Vt y Vt/Ti (p < 0.05). La media de las varianzas del Ti/Ttot aumentó (p < 0.005) y disminuyó para el Vt y el Vt/Ti (p < 0.05). En general, el porcentaje de oscilaciones de baja frecuencia (OB%) disminuyó (p < 0.02). Durante CEU alta, las variables de ritmo no cambiaron el porcentaje de registros con autocorrelación (AU%), pero el Vt y variables relacionadas disminuyeron los AU% (p < 0.005). Hubo correlación positiva (r: 0.955, p< 0.001) entre OB% y AU% en Vt y variables relacionadas, pero las variables de ritmo no mostraron correlación. En conclusión: La CEU indujo un patrón respiratorio más monótono. La memoria a corto plazo disminuyó en la fase inspiratoria y aumentó en la espiratoria. Estos cambios ocurrieron bajo anestesia, sugiriendo que ciertas estructuras suprapontinas pueden no ser imprescindibles para la generación de estos cambios.


In humans, lung ventilation exhibits breath-to-breath variability and dynamics that are nonlinear, complex and chaotic. Our objective was to characterize the breathing pattern variational activity in anesthetized dogs (n: 8) breathing through threshold inspiratory elastic load (7 to 50 cm H2O). Starting from flow signal and tracheal and esophageal pressures, we analyzed inspiratory time (Ti), timing (expiratory time, Te; total time, Ttot; and Ti/Ttot) and central drive (Vt/Ti) and variables related to it (tidal volume, Vt and pulmonary ventilation, Ve). We measured gross variability (variances), low frequency oscillations (spectral analysis), and short term memory (autocorrelation analysis). Loading decreased variance of the mean values of Te, Ttot, Vt and Vt/Ti (p < 0.05); the mean of variances for Ti/Ttot increased (p < 0.005) while it decreased for Vt and Vt/Ti (p < 0.05). In general, percent of data recordings with low frequency oscillations (OB%) decreased (p < 0.02). During heavy load, timing parameters percent of data recordings with autocorrelations (AU%) did not change, but Vt and its related parameters decreased their AU% (p < 0.005). There was a positive correlation (r: 0.955, p < 0.001) between the existence of low frequency oscillations and autocorrelations for Vt and its related parameters, while timing variables did not show such a correlation. In conclusion, threshold elastic load induced a monotonous respiratory pattern. The short term memory decreased during inspiratory stage while increased during expiratory stage. These changes occurred during anesthesia suggesting that certain suprapontine structures may not be obligatory to induce them.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Anesthesia , Elasticity/physiology , Fourier Analysis , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Memory, Short-Term/physiology
19.
J. bras. pneumol ; 35(3): 256-260, mar. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513731

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) and MIP in individuals with spinal cord injury. We evaluated 26 patients with spinal cord injury. Mean FVC in those with tetraplegia was 52 ± 19 percent of predicted, compared with 78 ± 23 percent of predicted in those with paraplegia (p < 0.05). In contrast, the percentage of predicted SNIP was lower in those with tetraplegia than in those with paraplegia (p < 0.05). In all participants, SNIP correlated significantly with the level of the injury (r = 0.489; 95 percent CI: 0.125-0.737). The impact that the greater discriminatory power of SNIP has on the diagnosis of impaired pulmonary function in spinal cord-injured patients should be investigated further.


O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o desempenho da pressão inspiratória nasal durante o fungar (PInas) e da PImáx em indivíduos com lesão medular traumática. Foram avaliados 26 pacientes com lesão medular traumática. Os pacientes tetraplégicos e paraplégicos exibiram diferentes médias do percentual do previsto da CVF, respectivamente, 52 ± 19 por cento e 78 ± 23 por cento (p < 0,05). Ao contrário da PImáx, o percentual do previsto médio da PInas foi inferior nos tetraplégicos (p < 0,05) e, em todos os participantes, a correlação com o nível da lesão foi significativa (r = 0,489; IC95 por cento: 0,125-0,737). O impacto do melhor discernimento da PInas no diagnóstico das alterações da função inspiratória de pacientes com lesão medular traumática merece ser aprofundado.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Inhalation/physiology , Nasal Cavity/physiology , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Linear Models , Pressure , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/classification , Young Adult
20.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 79(1): 21-25, feb. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-491802

ABSTRACT

Background: Respiratory musculature function in patients with myelomeningocele (MMC) has not been evaluated sufficiently. Impairment in inspiratory muscles capacity could make patients prone to complications in clinical situations in which the respiratory work is increased. Objective: Evaluate inspiratory muscle function, measured with Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MTP) in children with MMC. Method: In 13 children with MMC, MIP was obtained according to Black and Hyatt technique, using an aneroid gauge pressure. The results were compared to Szeinberg reference values by t Student, where p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The average age was 11.9 +/- 2.8 years and 10 female. Expected MIP average was 112 +/- 20 cmH(2)0, with lower limit of 92 cmH(2)0. The observed Pimax was 62 +/- 23 cmH(2)0, 33 percent less than the inferior limit expected (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These children present a decrease of inspiratory musculature force, making them suceptible to muscle fatigue in pathological conditions, requiring a greater respiratory effort and difficulties in mechanical ventilation weaning. We suggest that a regular study of inspiratory muscles is neccessary in MMC patients, in order to define a respiratory musculature training necessity.


Existe escasa evidencia que evalúe la función muscular respiratoria de niños con antecedente de mielomeningocele (MMC). La disfunción de la musculatura inspiratoria puede facilitar complicaciones respiratorias. Objetivo: Evaluar la función de la musculatura inspiratoria, medida a través de la Presión inspiratoria máxima (Pimax), en ni±os con antecedente de MMC. Pacientes y Métodos: En 13 niños se obtuvo Pimax mediante técnica de Black and Hyatt, utilizando un manómetro aneroide. Los valores obtenidos fueron comparados con los valores de referencia de Szeinberg utilizando t Student, considerando significativos p < 0,05. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 11 años (rango: 8-18; 10 mujeres). La Pimax promedio esperada fue 112 +/- 20 cmH(2)0 (límite inferior 92 cmH(2)0) mientras la Pimax observada fue 62 +/- 23 cmH(2)0, siendo 33 por ciento menor que el límite inferior del valor esperado (p < 0,05). Discusión: Los niños con antecedente de MMC presentaron disminución de la fuerza de los músculos inspiratorios que los podría hacer más susceptibles a la fatiga muscular en situaciones que impliquen mayor trabajo respiratorio así como dificultades frente a la desconexión al ser sometidos a ventilación mecánica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Meningomyelocele/physiopathology , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Maximal Voluntary Ventilation/physiology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Lung Volume Measurements/instrumentation , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Lung/physiopathology , Reference Values
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